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Moving equipment and logs over the surface of forest soils causes gouges and ruts in the mineral soil, displaces organic matter, and can cause compaction. Compaction is the component of soil productivity most influenced by forest management, but the degree to which soils may be compacted depends on initial soil bulk density. For example, low bulk density soils (such as volcanic ash-cap soils) are much easier to compact than those soils with a high baseline bulk density. This publication discusses the complications from compaction, recovery, and National mandates.Other publications in this series |
