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Being mobile is an indicator of independent living, particularly for older adults. Mobility is defined as the movement across various environments [e.g., room, home, outdoors, neighborhood, community, and the world] either independently, using assistive devices, or via transportation/driving (Webber et al. 2010). In contrast, mobility limitation is self-reported difficulties in walking for a quarter, half, or a mile, climbing one flight of stairs, performance deficits in objective mobility, and lack of access to assistive mobility devices, transportation, or driving (Rantakoko et al., 2013; Simonsick et al., 2008; Levasseur et al., 2015). Older persons with mobility limitations undoubtedly experience multifaceted physical, psychological, and social impairments, compromising their ability to perform daily living activities, meet their social participation needs, supportive relationships, connectedness, autonomy, and independence (Yoem et al., 2008). Over the years, the role of cognitive, financial, environmental, personal, physical, psychological, and social factors on mobility has been explored extensively, but often individually (Webber et al. 2010). Based on a perspective taken by different disciplines, Webber and Colleagues (2010) described a comprehensive Conical Model of Theoretical Framework for Mobility in older adults that conceptualizes cognitive, psychosocial, physical, environmental, financial, and personal histories/stories as determinants of mobility across seven life space locations - the room where the older adult sleeps, home, outdoors, neighborhood, service community, and the surrounding area, and the world. Although Webber et al.'s (2010) paper provided some examples for each mobility determinant, the list is not exhaustive. Therefore, a systematic search of the literature to identify each mobility determinant's factors, as described in the Conical Model of Theoretical Framework for Mobility in older adults is warranted. The overarching goal of this scoping review is to synthesize the available evidence for factors within each mobility determinant, including a description of the factors and their association with mobility outcomes (self-reported and performance-based). This is scoping review protocol is comprised of seven independent scoping reviews, one for each of the determinants of mobility: cognitive, financial, environmental, personal, physical, psychological, and social. Because this review is comprehensive and extensive, we will use the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (World Health Organization, 2001) to organize the seven scoping reviews into two manuscripts. The ICF's body structure/function and activity/participation will guide manuscript 1 of this scoping review series describing the factors for cognitive, physical, psychological, and social determinants of mobility. Manuscript 2 will describe the contextual factors of environmental, personal, and financial determinants of mobility. |
