| Autor: |
Kristina Moll, Liao Z, Feng Y, Price Km, Gruen, Scott D. Gordon, Else Eising, Bruce F. Pennington, Daniel Brandeis, Veera M. Rajagopal, Franken Mj, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Tomblin Jb, Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber, Henning Tiemeier, Molz B, Silvia Paracchini, Wigg Kg, Beate St Pourcain, Guger Sl, van de Schroeff Mm, Alessandro Gialluisi, Simon E. Fisher, Carol A. Wang, Andrea G. Allegrini, Angela T Morgan, Cathy L. Barr, Erik G. Willcutt, Tanner Koomar, Jacob J. Michaelson, Truong Dt, Filippo Abbondanza, Hernández-Cabrera Ja, Reilly S, Timothy C. Bates, Markus M. Nöthen, Chin Yang Shapland, Gerritse M, Charles Hulme, Marianna E. Hayiou-Thomas, Blokland K, Lisa J. Strug, Robert Plomin, John F. Stein, Kerr En, D.I. Boomsma, Nicholas G. Martin, Dianne F. Newbury, Richard K. Olson, Clyde Francks, van Donkelaar M, J-J Hottenga, Michelle Luciano, Gökberk Alagöz, de Zeeuw El, Thomas Bourgeron, Craig E. Pennell, Margaret J. Wright, Anders D. Børglum, Kate E. Watkins, Andlauer Tfm, Fabiola Ceroni, Manon Bernard, Ditte Demontis, Kaili Rimfeld, Wilkinson M, Margaret J. Snowling, Andrew J. O. Whitehouse, John C. DeFries, Richer L, T. Paus, Maureen W. Lovett, Angela Martinelli, Joel B. Talcott, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Nuala H. Simpson, Zdenka Pausova, Manuel Carreiras, Anthony P. Monaco, Philip S. Dale, Gu Zhu, Ellen Verhoef, Philip R. Jansen, Karin Landerl, Shelley D. Smith, Franck Ramus, van Bergen E, Urs Maurer, Heikki Lyytinen, de Jong Pf |
| Rok vydání: |
2021 |
| Předmět: |
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| Popis: |
The use of spoken and written language is a capacity that is unique to humans. Individual differences in reading- and language-related skills are influenced by genetic variation, with twin-based heritability estimates of 30-80%, depending on the trait. The relevant genetic architecture is complex, heterogeneous, and multifactorial, and yet to be investigated with well-powered studies. Here, we present a multicohort genome-wide association study (GWAS) of five traits assessed individually using psychometric measures: word reading, nonword reading, spelling, phoneme awareness, and nonword repetition, with total sample sizes ranging from 13,633 to 33,959 participants aged 5-26 years (12,411 to 27,180 for those with European ancestry, defined by principal component analyses). We identified a genome-wide significant association with word reading (rs11208009, p=1.098 × 10−8) independent of known loci associated with intelligence or educational attainment. All five reading-/language-related traits had robust SNP-heritability estimates (0.13–0.26), and genetic correlations between them were modest to high. Using genomic structural equation modelling, we found evidence for a shared genetic factor explaining the majority of variation in word and nonword reading, spelling, and phoneme awareness, which only partially overlapped with genetic variation contributing to nonword repetition, intelligence and educational attainment. A multivariate GWAS was performed to jointly analyse word and nonword reading, spelling, and phoneme awareness, maximizing power for follow-up investigation. Genetic correlation analysis of multivariate GWAS results with neuroimaging traits identified association with cortical surface area of the banks of the left superior temporal sulcus, a brain region with known links to processing of spoken and written language. Analysis of evolutionary annotations on the lineage that led to modern humans showed enriched heritability in regions depleted of Neanderthal variants. Together, these results provide new avenues for deciphering the biological underpinnings of these uniquely human traits. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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