| Popis: |
В статье рассматриваются вопросы формирования уровня грунтовых вод (УГВ) на тяжелых почвах под воздействием различных конструкций ложбин стока, различающихся расстоянием между осушителями и использованием дополнительного элемента: дрены вдоль оси ложбины. Многолетние опыты проводились в течение 22 лет в различных метеорологических условиях. Период наблюдений за работой опытных систем отличался большим разнообразием гидротермических условий: гидротермический коэффициент Селянинова (ГТК) изменялся от 0,6 в 1999 году до 2,8 в 2017 году. При этом было 40% сухих лет (ГТК1,6). Data of the groundwater at different depth horizons showed that for the period of researches the most frequently soil in the arable horizon was observed in the control. The experimental variants show a tendency to increase the duration of finding of GWL in the arable soil layer with increasing distance between hollows both on variants without drainage and on variants with drainage. The use of drainage in the design of the drain hollow is effective only on variants with an inter-turbine distance of 50 m: an additional element of the design allowed to reduce the period of groundwater in the arable horizon by an average of 1.6 times and increase the provision of the necessary drainage rate by 1.25 times. At variants with smaller distances between the hollows the application of drainage had no essential influence on the formation of groundwater. The analysis of the effect of runoff hollows on the reduction of groundwater in the most critical periods: the beginning of vegetation, the year of 25% and 1% of rainfall is conducted. On average, by the beginning of the growing season, the spoons of the experimental site runoff were formed at a significantly lower level compared to the control (open channels). In the calculation year 25% and critical 1% of flow hollow precipitation with distance of 25 and 35 m provided a reduction of groundwater below the arable horizon, the use of drains along the hollow in the design of the desiccant had no significant impact on the efficiency of dehumidification. The most balanced on the basis of ecological and economic principles are drainage systems with the use of a systematic network of flow through 35 meters. |
