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Although distillation [multistage flash (MSF) and multieffect desalination (MED)] and reverse osmosis (RO) methods appeared at nearly the same time, that is, the early 1960s, as seawater desalination technologies, since the beginning of the 21st century the RO method has now become a major technology with high growth rate. In particular, a total solution combining membrane technology, membrane process technology, energy reduction devices, and biotechnology is necessary for reliable plant operation. Considering the population increase and economic development in the future, the necessary core technologies for the 21st century were implemented as national research in Japan as the Megaton Water System Project. These innovative technological developments enhance the establishment of energy savings (20% and max 30%), lower water production cost and lower environmental impact. This Megaton Water System technology is now in the stage of verification at the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC)/Desalination Technologies Research Institute (DTRI), Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia. |
