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BackgroundIntralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis, providing similar therapeutic efficacy to conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). However, the allergic mechanism of ILIT is not completely known. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ILIT in a house dust mite (HDM) mouse model of allergic rhinitis.Methods Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were divided into four groups. Four groups were established: Group 1 (G1, n=10), control group without allergy; Group 2 (G2, n=10), allergy group sensitized with HDM without ILIT; Group 3 (G3, n=10), allergy group with ILIT (L1: starting with HDM 1.25 mg/mL); and Group 4 (G4, n=10), allergy group with ILIT (L2: starting with HDM 2.5 mg/mL) After the murine model of allergic rhinitis with HDM was established, mice were administered an intralymphatic injection through the inguinal lymph nodes with HDM once per week for 5 weeks. Thereafter, the levels of total serum IgE, interleukin IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-25, IL-33, and interferon (IFN)-γ in serum and spleen were measured using ELISA kits. Eosinophils in nasal mucosa were also evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokine expression in nasal mucosa were determined using RT-PCR and the effects of ILIT on FoxP3(+) Treg cell in splenocytes were assessed using flow cytometry. ResultsILIT significantly decreased serum total IgE and eosinophil counts in nasal mucosa; IL-6 IL-17A, IL-25, and IFN-γ in serum (P< 0.05); and IL-17A and IL-33 in splenocyte supernatant (P< 0.05). ILIT also reduced the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-33 cytokines in nasal mucosa. FoxP3(+) Treg cell expression was significantly decreased in the allergic group and significantly increased in the ILIT group (P< 0.05). ConclusionOur results suggest that ILIT regulates the specific immunotherapy immunologic mechanism by downregulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and upregulating FoxP3(+) T reg cells in the HDM allergic mouse model. |
