Using DSM-5 and ICF Tools to Understand Client Cultural and Environmental Perspectives
| Autor: | Raymond C. Ortega, William E. Garner |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Surgeon general
education.field_of_study Rehabilitation Applied psychology Population Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Rehabilitation counseling Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Mental health Presenting problem DSM-5 Occupational Therapy International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health Chiropractics Psychology education Applied Psychology Analysis Accreditation Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling. 47:27-33 |
| ISSN: | 2639-7641 0047-2220 |
| DOI: | 10.1891/0047-2220.47.2.27 |
| Popis: | IntroductionGraduate-level educators in the field of Rehabilitation Counseling or supervisors of new or inexperienced counselors often find that the discovery, synthesis and use of information about the client is focused on the presenting problem. While this is typically an area of importance to the individual and a central element in the planning process, consideration of the individual's personal definition of the problem and its place within the context of his or her daily life may materially affect the development of a workable plan of services.Much has been written about the need to consider cultural differences given the changes in the demographics and cultural configuration in the U.S. in recent years. These changes have been mirrored in the population typically served by professionals in the fields of rehabilitation and mental health services (Wong-Hemandez & Wong, 2002); (Office of the Surgeon General; Center for Mental Health Services; National Institute of Mental Health, 2001). With the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), this issue continues to have prominence. Cultural and gender issues pertinent to appropriate diagnosis are discussed in the Introduction to the DSM-5 (APA, 2013). In addition, several of the Assessment Measures incorporated into Section III of the DSM-5 purportedly address these issues (APA, 2013).Difficulties and concerns regarding the meshing of multicultural and contextual considerations with the medical model implied by the DSM system have been considered by Tomlinson-Clarke and Georges (2014). Parenthetically, this same article provides a good synopsis of some of the related core curricular standards incorporated into the accreditation standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). Similar language is contained throughout the accreditation standards of the Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) (2014) as well as the Code of Ethics of both the American Counseling Association (2014) and the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2010).Nevertheless, a recent study conducted by Saltychev, Kinnunen, and Laimi (2013) of vocational evaluations found that there was a strong focus on body structures and functions, reflecting a strong biomedical approach, with only minimal attention to environmental factors. They also concluded that use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) could be advantageous by improving the inclusion of these factors into the vocational evaluation. The parallel classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is called the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD is used to classify diseases and other health problems recorded on many types of health and vital records. In addition, the ICD is used for reimbursement and resource allocation decision-making (WHO, n.d.a). While this is much broader-based than the DSM-5, it does contain a section for Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders and both the ICD- 9 and 10 codes are contained in the DSM-5.Recognizing that the impact of any specific condition can vary from one individual to another and provides only a partial picture of the individual's situation, the WHO developed a different classification based on the individual's level of functioning regardless of the underlying condition. This is called the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). This focuses on the individual's actual capacity and performance in his or her daily activities and includes environmental and personal characteristics as well as bodily structures and functions (WHO, n.d.a).In this article, the range of DSM-5 and ICF instruments available from the APA and the WHO - ICF will be described. The focus of the latter part of this article will be on a subset of these instruments which would be useful in understanding the environmental and cultural perspectives of the client. … |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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