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The majority of cases of Taenia, both taeniasis and cysticercosis, seen in the USA and Canada are imported. However, local transmission has been reported. There are three Taenia species known to parasitize humans—T. solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica. The adult stage of these parasites, acquired from ingestion of raw or undercooked meat or viscera, resides in the small intestine of the human host causing taeniasis which is typically asymptomatic. Conversely, cysticercosis develops when a human ingests ova that are shed from a T. solium intestinal tapeworm carrier. Infection with the larval stage of the T. solium parasite leads to cysts which can be found in any tissue in the human body but most commonly are found in the subcutaneous tissue, muscles, or central nervous system. When cysticerci are found within the central nervous system, it is called neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis is the most common tropical infection causing hospital admissions in the USA. The combined interventions of thoroughly cooking (or freezing) pork, hand hygiene, having a closed system of collection and treatment of human waste, and penning pigs so they do not have the ability to scavenge can aid in prevention strategies. |
