Comparing Block-Based Programming Models for Two-Armed Robots
Autor: | Vladimir Kovalenko, Ronald Garcia, Nico Ritschel, Reid Holmes, David C. Shepherd |
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Rok vydání: | 2022 |
Předmět: |
business.industry
Computer science 020207 software engineering Robotics 02 engineering and technology Task (computing) Work (electrical) Human–computer interaction Block (programming) 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Programming paradigm Robot Factory (object-oriented programming) Artificial intelligence business Software Visual programming language |
Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 48:1630-1643 |
ISSN: | 2326-3881 0098-5589 |
Popis: | Modern industrial robots can work alongside human workers and coordinate with other robots. This means they can perform complex tasks, but doing so requires complex programming. Therefore, robots are typically programmed by experts, but there are not enough to meet the growing demand for robots. To reduce the need for experts, researchers have tried to make robot programming accessible to factory workers without programming experience. However, none of that previous work supports coordinating multiple robot arms that work on the same task. In this paper we present four block-based programming language designs that enable end-users to program two-armed robots. We analyze the benefits and trade-offs of each design on expressiveness and user cognition, and evaluate the designs based on a survey of 273 professional participants of whom 110 had no previous programming experience. We further present an interactive experiment based on a prototype implementation of the design we deem best. This experiment confirmed that novices can successfully use our prototype to complete realistic robotics tasks. This work contributes to making coordinated programming of robots accessible to end-users. It further explores how visual programming elements can make traditionally challenging programming tasks more beginner-friendly. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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