Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Neonate with Respiratory Failure
| Autor: | N. L. C. Luban, B. L. Short |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Lung
Respiratory distress business.industry medicine.medical_treatment medicine.disease Extracorporeal Artificial lung law.invention medicine.anatomical_structure Respiratory failure law Anesthesia Meconium aspiration syndrome medicine Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Cardiopulmonary bypass business |
| Zdroj: | Neonatology and Blood Transfusion ISBN: 9780387235998 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-0-387-23600-1_15 |
| Popis: | In 1944, Kolff and Berk observed that blood became oxygenated as it passed through cellophane chambers of an artificial kidney membrane [1]. This historic observation led to the recognition that blood could be oxygenated through a semipermeable membrane lung [2]. In 1956, the development of the first membrane lung, which used an ethylcellulose membrane [3], opened the door for the study of prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and the potential application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as an artificial lung. The concept of an artificial placenta capable of continuing ex utero the gas-exchange functions of the placenta developed in parallel with that of an artificial lung. In 1961, Callaghan and colleagues began using animal models of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn to test the efficacy of an extracorporeal oxygenation circuit as an artificial placenta [3], which was later expanded to premature infants [4]–[6]. This was an extremely important period for the development and refinement of the mechanical and surgical techniques that laid the foundation for the subsequent success of ECMO. The full potential of ECMO for infants in severe respiratory failure was not realized until it was used on term infants. In 1976, Bartlett et al., reported the first neonatal ECMO survivor, a term infant with severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) [7]. During the subsequent 10 years, neonatal ECMO was used to treat 99 term infants with respiratory failure in three centres in the United States with an overall survival rate of 65%. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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