| Popis: |
Efficient pulmonary delivery of aerosol by pMDI in children is particularly difficult due to the child’s breathing frequency, tidal volume and pMDI coordination. Using valved holding chambers (VHC) elevate some of these difficulties. Yet, commercially available VHCs differ greatly in design and material properties, which affect lung deposition. This study compares the new VORTEX® for children (PARI GmbH) to four commercially available VHCs. These are: AeroChamber® Plus Flow-Vu, Trudell; OptiChamber® Diamond, Philips Respironics; L‘espace®, Air Liquid and A2A Spacer®, Clement Clark together with their respective face masks. Tests were conducted in an age-appropriate child face in-vitro model (LIAM, age 3-4y.) with realistic tissue properties. The model was connected to a next generation cascade impactor and the VHCs and Budesonide pMDI (Budiair, Chiesi) were mounted in a fully automated test unit capable of simulating inhalation delay times and age-specific breathing pattern. Tests were carried out according to Ph. Eur. in a 3x3 manner with HPLC analysis and statistics based on ANOVA (95% CI). All VHCs increased (p |
