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Skeletal muscle was first introduced to cardiac surgery between 1930 and 1940. In 1931, De Jesus used pectoralis muscle to repair a penetrating cardiac injury in a young man [1]. Two years later, Leriche and Fontaine applied a pectoralis major muscle graft to the surface of infarcted canine myocardium in order to reinforce the myocardial scar [2]. After a few months, the grafts were found to be viable and well incorporated into the surrounding myocardial tissue. In 1935, Beck experimentally demonstrated the development of collateral blood flow from muscle grafts to the canine epicardium [3]. In his study, after application of the muscle graft to the myocardium, both coronary arteries were gradually occluded. Over a period of weeks, communication between the skeletal muscle and coronary circulations formed. After that Beck and others applied nonstimulated muscle grafts and other tissues to the ischemic hearts of human beings for the treatment of coronary artery disease [4, 5]. |
