Sensing the messenger: The diverse ways that bacteria signal through c-di-GMP
| Autor: | Holger Sondermann, Krista M. Giglio, Petya V. Krasteva |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
0303 health sciences
biology 030306 microbiology Biofilm Virulence Computational biology biology.organism_classification Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences Structural biology biology.protein Diguanylate cyclase Signal transduction Receptor Molecular Biology Intracellular Bacteria 030304 developmental biology |
| Zdroj: | Protein Science. 21:929-948 |
| ISSN: | 0961-8368 |
| Popis: | An intracellular second messenger unique to bacteria, c-di-GMP, has gained appreciation as a key player in adaptation and virulence strategies, such as biofilm formation, persistence, and cytotoxicity. Diguanylate cyclases containing GGDEF domains and phosphodiesterases containing either EAL or HD-GYP domains have been identified as the enzymes controlling intracellular c-di-GMP levels, yet little is known regarding signal transmission and the sensory targets for this signaling molecule. Although limited in number, identified c-di-GMP receptors in bacteria are characterized by prominent diversity and multilevel impact. In addition, c-di-GMP has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in mammals and several eukaryotic c-di-GMP sensors have been proposed. The structural biology of c-di-GMP receptors is a rapidly developing field of research, which holds promise for the development of novel therapeutics against bacterial infections. In this review, we highlight recent advances in identifying bacterial and eukaryotic c-di-GMP signaling mechanisms and emphasize the need for mechanistic structure–function studies on confirmed signaling targets. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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