Long term characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and compositions in Jakarta, Indonesia
| Autor: | Didin Agustian Permadi, Philip K. Hopke, Diah Dwiana Lestiani, Indah Kusmartini, Djoko Prakoso Dwi Atmodjo, Endah Damastuti, Dyah Kumala Sari, Syukria Kurniawati, Muhayatun Santoso, Tamrin Muhtarom |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Atmospheric Science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Air pollution chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences Particulates Atmospheric sciences medicine.disease_cause 01 natural sciences Pollution Sulfur chemistry.chemical_compound Megacity chemistry Health effect Dry season medicine Environmental science Gasoline Sulfate Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
| Zdroj: | Atmospheric Pollution Research. 11:2215-2225 |
| ISSN: | 1309-1042 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.apr.2020.09.006 |
| Popis: | Air pollution poses significant threat to human health and the environment, as well as millions of people's quality of life. Air pollution in Jakarta, one of the megacities in Asia, has attracted concern from the government and the public. Long term air quality monitoring of fine and coarse atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was conducted in Central Jakarta from 2010 to 2019. The PM samples were collected for 24 h using a Gent-stacked filter unit sampler. Mass concentrations, black carbon (BC) as well as elemental concentrations were measured. X-ray fluorescence was used to quantify the elemental species. Measurement of PM2.5 from 2010 to 2019, showed that the annual average values always exceeded the Indonesian national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 15 μg/m3 and had an increasing trend. Seasonal variations of PM2.5 were observed with maxima during the dry season with frewuent exceedances of the 24-hr NAAQS. Temporal variations of the ratios of PM2.5 to PM10, and the reconstructed mass were explored. PM2.5 concentrations in Jakarta were dominated by BC representing about 20% and sulfur with an average of 912 ng/m3 and a maximum value of 4199 ng/m3. Sulfur is mainly related to the coal-fired power plants emissions, and high sulfur gasoline and diesel combustion in vehicles. Sulfate showed an increasing trend suggesting increasing emissions. PM2.5-10 was dominated by the crustal elements. The reconstructed mass results also showed that BC and sulfate were the largest contributors to PM2.5 with an average share of 39%. Soil contributed about 30% to PM2.5-10. This study provides useful information on possible PM sources in Jakarta and long-term trend of PM concentrations for policy intervention and health effect studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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