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By using both an ultrasonic device and an extensometer, it is possible to know which stiffness coefficients change during the damage process of a material and which part of the global strain is either elastic or inelastic. The influence of the two damage mechanisms is described for a woven 2D SiC–SiC composite. It appears that the two scales of this composite have a great influence on its behaviour. Two elementary mechanisms occur at both scales of the material: at the mesostructure level consisting of the bundles as well as of the inter-bundle matrix and at the microstructure level made from both the fibres and the intra-bundle matrix. The inelastic strains are sensitive to this two-scale effect: an increment of strain at constant stress that comes to saturation corresponding to the inter-bundle damage process and a strain which needs an increase in stress as cracking occurs at the fibres scale. With the help of a model that predicts the compliance changes caused by a crack system in a solid, it is possible to predict the crack density variation at both scales as well as the geometry of the various crack systems during monotonous loading. Furthermore, when the crack opening is taken into account, it appears that the inelastic strain is governed by the transverse crack density. |
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