HIV Prevention: Treatment as Prevention (TasP), Occupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (oPEP), Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP), and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
| Autor: | Jordan D Helms, Neal Carnes, John Malone |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty Rural health care business.industry 030106 microbiology Psychological intervention Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Treatment as prevention medicine.disease_cause Clinical trial 03 medical and health sciences Pre-exposure prophylaxis 0302 clinical medicine medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Rural area Intensive care medicine business Viral load |
| Zdroj: | HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities ISBN: 9783319562384 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_5 |
| Popis: | In this chapter, we review selected literature reflecting on biomedical interventions that prevent HIV infection, and regarding treatment as prevention (TasP), also assist those living with HIV given its goal to effectively reduce infectivity by reducing people living with HIV’s viral load to an undetectable level. Unfortunately, in context to rural health care, little empirical data exists on these interventions, as standalone or combined approaches. What we know about TasP, occupational postexposure prophylaxis (oPEP), nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP), and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is that they work, at least in clinical trials they worked. Theoretically, each poses significant potential to reduce HIV transmissions in all geographical settings. Realizing their potential in real-world settings, including rural areas, will require more resources that have yet to be allocated for large-scale implementation, especially concerning nPEP and PrEP. Ideally, our response system should consider developing integrated approaches that include all these interventions, in all jurisdictions. All the more critical, it will be essential to mobilize biomedical (e.g. medications and condoms), behavioral (e.g. cleaning needles prior to use or not sharing needles), and structural (e.g. eliminating stigma attached to HIV infection) interventions to achieve large-scale HIV prevention. In sum, since the discovery of HIV over three and a half decades ago, we have gained considerable knowledge that can and has improved our efforts to prevent (and treat) HIV. Now is the time to make this knowledge work to our advantage with a vision to end HIV transmissions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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