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Evaluate the influence of different surface treatment protocols on the bond strength of bulk fill restorative material to root dentin using the push-out test after cyclic loading. Forty intact human premolars, freshly extracted for orthodontic purpose with straight canals and fully developed apices, were selected for this study. The coronal portion of the teeth were cut perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth at the cement-enamel junction. All root canals were instrumented, cleaned, and obturated; then, a space of 3 mm in depth was prepared below the orifice level in both canals in each tooth to receive direct core bulk fill material; the specimens were classified according to the surface treatment protocol into four groups (n = 30). Group 1: no surface treatment (control group); group 2: surface treatment using Er,Cr:YSGG laser; group 3: surface treatment using chlorhexidine; and group 4: surface treatment using 17% EDTA solution. Restorations were bonded using universal adhesive following the same protocol. The roots were sectioned and three 1-mm-thick slices were obtained representing the length of the restorations inside the canals. The specimens were thermocycled, then subjected to push-out testing. A specimen from each group was examined using scanning electron microscope. Data was analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise comparisons were carried out. The results showed that laser group was significantly higher than EDTA and chlorhexidine groups, and also higher than the control group with no significant difference. Also, the control group was significantly higher than EDTA and chlorhexidine group. However, chlorhexidine group was higher than EDTA group with no significant difference recorded (p |
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