Indoor–outdoor relationships of particle number and mass in four European cities
| Autor: | Joop H. van Wijnen, Ilias G. Kavouras, Jon Ayres, Arto Puustinen, Marko Vallius, Anna Karakatsani, Klea Katsouyanni, Kees Meliefste, Kaarle Hämeri, Gerard Hoek, Gerard Kos, Claire Meddings, Steve Thomas, Markku Kulmala, Maria Lianou, Jeroen J. de Hartog, Roy M. Harrison, Anastasia Kotronarou, Juha Pekkanen, Harry ten Brink |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Atmospheric Science 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Particle number media_common.quotation_subject ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION Environmental engineering Air pollution 010501 environmental sciences Particulates Infiltration (HVAC) medicine.disease_cause complex mixtures 01 natural sciences Aerosol Indoor air quality 13. Climate action medicine Environmental science Air quality index 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science media_common |
| Zdroj: | Atmospheric Environment. 42:156-169 |
| ISSN: | 1352-2310 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.026 |
| Popis: | Human exposure to air pollutants is often characterized by measured or modeled outdoor concentrations. In Western societies, subjects spend about 90% of their time indoors, of which a large fraction in their own home. Hence indoor air quality is an important determinant of the true personal exposure for many components. Indoor air quality is affected both by infiltration of outdoor air in buildings and indoor sources such as smoking, gas cooking, and use of consumer products. In this chapter we separately describe the impact of indoor sources and outdoor air on indoor pollution. We first illustrate differences in outdoor and personal exposure using data on real-time particle number concentrations from a recent study in Augsburg, Germany. We then present a model of indoor PM concentrations, illustrating the factors that affect indoor air quality. We summarize empirical studies that have assessed indoor–outdoor relationships for particle mass, particle number, and specific components of particulate matter. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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