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Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus in the Herpesviridae family. The most prevalent in humans is Human Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1). It can reach the brain without causing the symptoms [1]. Currently, the most antiviral drug used is Acyclovir (ACV); nucleotide analogues target DNA polymerase inhibiting viral replication. However, ACV drug-resistant occurs, especially in immunocompromised patients [2]. Therefore, alternate therapy for patients with established resistance was required. Plant extract is commonly used as antiviral agent. Kyllinga nemoralis is known as White Spike Head had antiviral, antibacterial, antibleeding and anti-poisoning properties [3]. It contains antiviral sources such as the highest flavonoid and flavonol concentrations [4]. The objective of this experimental study was to investigate the potential of K. nemoralis methanolic extract as antiviral agent against HSV-1. The root of K. nemoralis methanolic plant extract, Vero Cells and HSV-1 were used in this study. The Cytotoxic Concentration (CC50) of the K. nemoralis methanolic extract against Vero Cells and the antiviral activity of K. nemoralis methanolic extract against HSV-1 by using post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assay were performed in this study. Results showed that the percentage of cell population versus concentration of root of K. nemoralis methanolic extract (figure 1). The CC50 of this extract was determined at 0.91 mg/mL. This showed that the root of K. nemoralis methanolic extract was considered not toxic to the cells as the CC50 of extract showed more than 4 µg/mL [5]. The results indicate that the root of K. nemoralis methanolic extract was more effective in protecting the Vero cells. In pre-treatment, the SI value of the extract was 8.27. This finding shows that the root of K. nemoralis methanolic extract had a moderate ability to bind to the Vero cells and inhibited the binding of HSV-1 to the cell surface of the Vero cells. In a virucidal test, the root extract towards HSV-1 showed the SI value was 8.125. This data suggests that the root of the extract was moderately inactivates the extracellular component of HSV-1. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that K. nemoralis methanolic extract was non-toxic to the Vero cells and has the potential to be an antiviral agent against HSV-1. |
