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ERRATA CORRIGE: please go to10.5281/zenodo.5163000 for the updatedand corrected version. Please, do not consider the files below but download those presented in the new link. This study focuses on the water-food-labour nexus at the sub-national scale in order to assess to what extent the reciprocal dependence and the possible physical and social unbalances across regions might hamper the attainment of several of the Sustainable Development Goals, food security and poverty eradication above all. As an exemplified case study, we select Colombia, a country with almost 10\% of people living in extreme poverty. By applying a sub-national Environmentally Extended Input-Output analysis, we quantify the virtual water trade (VWT) and virtual informal labour (VIL) flows across regions and economic sectors, in 2015. The results show severe spatial unbalances both in terms of VWT and VIL, high cross-regional resource interdependence and a minor role of international trade, low levels of socioeconomic indicators in sectors composing the food production system, and food security being threatened by climate change. % because rainfall variability is projected in the core regions in terms of raw food production. These results suggest that strategies to attain sustainable development must deal with the biophysical constraints and the economic and political feasibility of the proposed solutions. In this vein, we argue that a holistic framework, grounded on quantitative analyses, is necessary to support informed policy decisions for the simultaneous achievement of multiple (possibly contrasting) goals. |
