Carbon Budget of Tidal Wetlands, Estuaries, and Shelf Waters of Eastern North America
| Autor: | Rusty A. Feagin, Antonio Mannino, Kevin D. Kroeger, W. M. Kemp, Maria Tzortziou, M. Herrmann, Wade R. McGillis, David Butman, A.L. Hinson, Xinping Hu, Richard C. Zimmerman, Richard B. Alexander, C. H. Pilskaln, Wei-Jun Cai, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, S. L. McCallister, Penny Vlahos, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, James R. Holmquist, Robert F. Chen, Elizabeth W. Boyer, Joe Salisbury, David J. Burdige, P. C. Griffith, Raymond G. Najjar, Hanqin Tian, Sergio R. Signorini, Margaret R. Mulholland, Elizabeth A. Canuel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Atmospheric Science Global and Planetary Change geography geography.geographical_feature_category 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Hypoxia (environmental) Estuary Pelagic zone Wetland 01 natural sciences Carbon cycle Oceanography Coastal zone Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Ecosystem 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 32:389-416 |
| ISSN: | 1944-9224 0886-6236 |
| Popis: | Carbon cycling in the coastal zone affects global carbon budgets and is critical for understanding the urgent issues of hypoxia, acidification, and tidal wetland loss. However, there are no regional carbon budgets spanning the three main ecosystems in coastal waters: tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters. Here, we construct such a budget for Eastern North America using historical data, empirical models, remote-sensing algorithms, and process-based models. Considering the net fluxes of total carbon at the domain boundaries, 59 ± 12% (± 2 standard errors) of the carbon entering is from rivers and 41 ± 12% is from the atmosphere, while 80 ± 9% of the carbon leaving is exported to the open ocean and 20 ± 9% is buried. Net lateral carbon transfers between the three main ecosystem types are comparable to fluxes at the domain boundaries. Each ecosystem type contributes substantially to exchange with the atmosphere, with CO2 uptake split evenly between tidal wetlands and shelf waters, and estuarine CO2 outgassing offsetting half of the uptake. Similarly, burial is about equal in tidal wetlands and shelf waters, while estuaries play a smaller but still substantial role. The importance of tidal wetlands and estuaries in the overall budget is remarkable given that they respectively make up only 2.4 and 8.9% of the study domain area. This study shows that coastal carbon budgets should explicitly include tidal wetlands, estuaries, shelf waters and the linkages between them; ignoring any of them may produce a biased picture of coastal carbon cycling. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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