| Popis: |
In the early 2000s, Russia experienced a major expansion of the state sector, as well as the growing influence of factions, informal networks of power within the Kremlin that have directly involved themselves in the management of Russia’s flagship NOCs, Rosneft and Gazprom. The Russian case stretches my theoretical argument to its limit because it is difficult to draw a clean distinction between national and bureaucratic politics. Its bureaucracy also has characteristics of both designated principal and bureaucratic competition: While an energy ministry and a regulatory agency formally exist, NOC management authority rests with the factions. By cannibalizing bureaucratic institutions and bending regulations to strengthen their preferred NOCs at the expense of their competitors, the factions have set a precedent for rewarding NOCs on the basis of their own parochial interests rather than commercial viability or the national interest. |
