| Popis: |
Gas Processing and Refining facilities in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East region are generally embracing the following design features and operation requirements for sulphur recovery facilities: Operating under hot and dry climate; lack of processing, cooling and utility water; requiring complete destruction of BTEX and Ammonia contained in gas feeds; gas feeds with higher and higher sulphur contents; requirements for expanded processing capacity in terms of sulphur contents, gas volumetric flow rates and higher overall sulphur recovery efficiency; and compliance of more stringent HSE requirements. Technologies associated with Sulphur Recovery facilities to be discussed in this paper are targeted to address these specific design features, operation and HSE requirements. In this paper, Fluor will discuss four reliable, cost effective and commercially proven technologies as well as their respective most current improvements for new and existing sulphur recovery facility applications. These include Fluor/GAA COPE™ Oxygen Enrichment Technology, Fluor’s proprietary Hydrogenation-Amine Tail Gas Treating Technology, Fluor’s patented Low Energy Direct Contact Condenser Technology, and Fluor/GAA’s D’GAASS™ Liquid Sulphur Degassing Technology. Advantages of each of these technologies over competing technolgies in the industry will be discussed in this paper. Their operating experience and lessons learned associated with design and operation will be addressed in terms of what improvements in design and operation are being implemented into new design practices. Comparisons in estimated CAPEX and OPEX between the original design and the new improved design will be presented for each of these technologies in the form of Case Studies. |
