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A B S T R A C T Two taxa of Carthamus, each with 32 pairs of chromosomes, merit specific status. C. baeticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nym. is found on islands of and in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, whereas C. turkestanicus Popov extends from western Turkey to Kashmir. Compared to C. baeticus, C. turkestanicus has wider leaves, wider and less divaricate bracts, larger heads with more florets and achenes, and florets with longer lobes. Their chromosomes differ to the extent that microsporocytes of their F, hybrids had a reciprocal translocation in pachytene and a mean of over six, and up to 22, univalents at metaphase I. Pollen stainability and seed fertility were reduced in F, hybrids. THE NATURAL AREA of distribution of the genus Carthamus L. extends from central India westward to, and around, the Mediterranean Sea. A detailed review of its taxonomy has been provided by Ashri (1957) and Hanelt (1961, 1963). On the basis of morphological and cytological studies of 11 species, Ashri (1957) and Ashri and Knowles (1960) set up four sections in the genus, namely 1, 11, III and IV, having 12, 10, 22 and 32 pairs of chromosomes, respectively. Hanelt (1961, 1963), from a detailed study of herbaria specimens and limited morphological and cytological examinations of living material, grouped the species into five sections. Hanelt (1961, 1963) assigned taxa with 22 and 32 chromosomes (n) to one species which he called C. lanatus L. In other words he combined sections III and IV of Ashri and Knowles into one section. The species C. baeticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nym. and C. turkestanicus Popov of the present study are called C. lanatus ssp. creticus (L.) Holmb. and C. lanatus ssp. turkestanicus (M. Pop.) Han., respectively, by Hanelt. The present study has focused on relationships within and between taxa having 32 pairs of chromosomes. Relationships of these taxa to probable ancestral taxa with 10 and 22 pairs of chromosomes will be considered in another paper. |
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