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‘Many Barbers and Surgeons were fined in London for presuming to “sett up shoppe” without a license’.1 Court minutes of the Company’s records show a flurry of such fines in the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth century: on 24th July 1599 ‘Richard Samborne complayned of one Phillip Winter for settinge upp a shoppe in paules church yarde beinge not free’.2 The threat of unlicensed practice lay in its material manifestation as much as in the figure of the practitioner and was dealt with as such. Unlicensed barber Wheekes was ordered on 4th November 1600 to ‘take downe his basons and macke no shewe twowardes the streete’.3 At all times, practitioners were forbidden to display vessels of blood as an advertisement for bloodletting, regular or irregular.4 Barbers were not only instructed not to ‘shave wasshe, poule or trymme’ customers on Sundays (and other holy days), but they were also forbidden to ‘hange upp set or put out any … Basons or … potts upon … poule Racke shoppe windowes or otherwise’ on these days.5 Barber Marmaduke Jefferson was fined on 8th May 1599 ‘for hangeing oute his basones on Maye daie’.6 |
