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Methods. The scoping review will use the PRISMA-ScR framework to guide synthesizing the literature to determine data extraction process. During Jan-Feb 2020, guided by an experienced research librarian, the PI will search online databases (i.e., Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE) and grey literature source (i.e., Web of Science), and relevant references lists to identify published papers that fit the inclusion criteria. As a key differentiator from a traditional systematic review, the scoping review eligibility criteria remains broad to fully capture a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, this specifically includes no restrictions to date range to comprehensively capture health innovation. Eligibility criteria includes: - Qualitative and quantitative studies - Published or translated in the English language - Both peer-review (scientific literature) and non-peer reviewed sources (grey literature) - All date ranges - Mention controlled keywords or MeSH subject headings (Table 1) The source will be excluded if: - The health technology described in the source does not meet the World Health Organization’s definition of a digital health intervention, i.e., digital health interventions use information and communications technologies (ICT) designed to address health.58 Many digital health technologies exist, including modalities such as: smartphones, tablets, computers, gaming systems, and sensors/wearables. Digital health includes delivery channels such as text (SMS) messaging, multimedia applications (apps), voice calls, interactive voice response (IVR), and the use of natural language processing (NLP). The term digital health expands on previous definitions of eHealth to include mobile health (mHealth) interventions and other emerging innovations including but not limited to artificial intelligence, the application of 'big data', virtual and augmented reality,59 health gamification,60 wearable computing,61 and public health informatics,62 fall under the WHO’s definition. The classification of digital health interventions are categorized in different ways by which digital and mobile technologies are being used to support health system needs. Categorized by interventions intended for clients, healthcare providers, health systems, and for data services. Then classified by health system challenges to address how technology addresses needs.58 - The source does not mention and/or describe an academic-industry collaboration by the following definitions of collaboration/partnership, i.e., Partnership is defined by “two or more actors join[ed] in a collaborative undertaking (or a set of common goals and specific outcomes) that is characterized by a collegial like relationship that is authentic and constructive”8 or the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined collaboration as a mutually beneficial working relationship that “serves as a mechanism for organizing and blending interrelated health issues, activities, and services in order to maximize public health impact through new and established linkages across programs to facilitate the delivery of services.” 63 In the literature, the terms collaboration and partnership are used interchangeably and inconsistently, therefore the criteria for collaboration will refer as a larger umbrella term for academic-industry engagement and cross-sector relationships.8 - Sources where full text is not available. If unable to retrieve full text for review, the source will be excluded from the final analysis. Keywords and search terms found in Table 1 will be searched in the title and/or abstract as appropriate. No date range will be included in the eligibility criteria due to scarce body of literature on topic. Search results will be exported using software application, Endnote, removing duplicates. The selection of sources of evidence includes a process requiring both (1) a title and abstract review and (2) a full text review to determine eligibility. To minimize bias, a seconder reviewer will support the researcher in the full text review phase. |
