A relation between the crossing number and the height of a knotoid

Autor: Philipp Korablev, Vladimir Tarkaev
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications. 30:2150040
ISSN: 1793-6527
0218-2165
DOI: 10.1142/s0218216521500401
Popis: Knotoids are open ended knot diagrams regarded up to Reidemeister moves and isotopies. The notion is introduced by Turaev in 2012. Two most important numeric characteristics of a knotoid are the crossing number and the height. The latter is the least number of intersections between a diagram and an arc connecting its endpoints, where the minimum is taken over all representative diagrams and all such arcs which are disjoint from crossings. In the paper, we answer the question: are there any relations between the crossing number and the height of a knotoid. We prove that the crossing number of a knotoid is greater than or equal to twice the height of the knotoid. Combining the inequality with known lower bounds of the height we obtain a lower bounds of the crossing number of a knotoid via the extended bracket polynomial, the affine index polynomial and the arrow polynomial of the knotoid. As an application of our result we prove an upper bound for the length of a bridge in a minimal diagram of a classical knot: the number of crossings in a minimal diagram of a knot is greater than or equal to three times the length of a longest bridge in the diagram.
Databáze: OpenAIRE