Prospects for development of automotive fuels with improved ecological properties
| Autor: | N. P. Spirkina, V. E. Emel'yanov, T. N. Mitusova, V. V. Sokolov, A. A. Gureev |
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| Rok vydání: | 1993 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
Pollution Ecology business.industry General Chemical Engineering media_common.quotation_subject Automotive industry Air pollution Energy Engineering and Power Technology General Chemistry medicine.disease_cause chemistry.chemical_compound Fuel Technology chemistry Petroleum industry medicine Environmental science Petroleum Gasoline Tonne business media_common |
| Zdroj: | Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils. 29:525-529 |
| ISSN: | 1573-8310 0009-3092 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/bf00723962 |
| Popis: | The continuous growth of the automotive fleet, which numbered about 0.5 billion vehicles in 1993, has consumed major fuel and energy resources and created a serious problem in pollution of the air basin with exhaust gases. In Russia today, more than 30% of all pollutants released to the ambient medium can be attributed to automotive transport. In major cities, automotive vehicles contribute as much as 80% of all pollution. In Moscow, for example, the annual exhaust gas emissions include more than 750,000 tonnes of carbon monoxide, more than 50,000 tonnes of hydrocarbons, more than 70,000 tonnes of nitrogen oxides, and more than 2,000 tonnes of solid particles. Any improvement of the ecological indexes of automotive vehicles must involve the combined efforts of engine manufacturers, petroleum industry personnel, chemmotologists, and vehicle operators. Some purely arbitrary terms have appeared in recent years, such as {open_quotes}ecologically clean{close_quotes} automotive vehicles, fuels, lubricants, and fluids. The drop in total volume of oil produced and refined in our country has stimulated efforts to solve problems of economy and rational utilization of crude oil, and to improve the ecological products of fuels and lubricants. In the world petroleum market, today, as never before, ecologically clean products aremore » highly valued. In the development of new types of fuels, ecological requirements are placed on a par with requirements imposed by engine design, engine operating conditions, and economics. The increased costs in producing specially developed fuels are compensated by their improved ecological properties. In the United States, for example, a required component of the so-called reformulated (or modified) gasolines EC-1 and EC-X is oxygen, which is introduced in amounts of 1.0-2.7% (in the form of oxygen-containing organic compounds) in order to reduce the harmful effects of emissions to the atmosphere.« less |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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