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In this chapter, we have a comprehensive overview on the improvement and state of the art of colorimetric and fluorometric sensor arrays are presented. Smart nanosensing aims to detect minute changes in the chemical environment by transforming relevant chemical or physical properties of molecular or ionic species (i.e., analytes) into an analytically valuable output. Optical arrays dependent on surface of nanoprobe in bioassays, in order to comprehend their properties, for example, high sensitivity for the detection of analyte. An outline of this traces all the way back to old times in which sandwich-type bioassay, assay in an enzyme-labeled recognition analyte was utilized as the marker to amplify the detection signal. Nanomaterials and their technology bring exciting new opportunities as well as their associated risks for the development of innovative optical nanoassay stratagems. In order to achieve this goal, nanomaterials are typically used as supports for the loading of diverse indicators (e.g., biomolecules, fluorescent dyes, or Raman reporters) so as to amplify the attractiveness event through their high surface-to-volume colorimetric relation or because the indicator that's generated with the help of organic chemistry reactions to attain multiple signal amplification. During the course of this chapter, we are going to target the foremost recent advances within the field of nanomaterial-based sensitive bioassay. First, we will try to sum-up almost all the exclusive properties of nanoprobe (in TOC) and basic modification ways. A variety of applications are also discussed, including personal dosimetry of toxic chemical, detection of explosives or accelerants, biosensing intracellularly, identification of biomolecule, and detection of toxic ions and disease biomarkers. Download : Download full-size image |
