| Popis: |
The state and prospects of application of geoinformation systems (GIS) to solve monitoring tasks of nature protected territories of Ukraine are investigated. The results of the first in Ukraine project of geoinformation support of the territory of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve (CBR) for monitoring conduction is introduced; it is based on a geospatial database (SDB) of the reserve, which was created using an featureoriented approach based on national standards of Ukraine DSTU 8774:2018 "Geographical information. Rules for geospatial data modeling" and DSTU ISO 19110: 2017 "Geographic information – Methodology for feature cataloging". An information and reference geoportal of the territory and facilities of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve has been created, which makes it possible to provide public access to the current monitoring information of the CBR based on the ArcGISOnline platform to a wide range of users. The use of the developed specialized algorithms of geoinformation analysis and modeling for monitoring of a radiation pollution condition of CBR is offered. Peculiarities of geoinformation support of the Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve for GIS monitoring are as follows: keeping up-to-date and unifying different types and origins of data on a single digital topographic basis, ensuring the required level of interaction between different local government authorities, other enterprises and institutions which ensure the viability of the reserve. Problems solved with the help of GIS CBR: creation and maintenance of up-to-date of the spatial data such as: (boundaries of the reserve, current state of use of the territory, natural landscapes, vegetation, distribution of rare and endangered species of flora, fauna, plant communities, functional zoning, afforestation of the reserve; location of historical, cultural and recreational areas features, ecological trails and tourist routes; fire-fighting landscaping, project plan); planning of nature reserve territory; organization of economically, socially and ecologically effective management of the reserve; development of measures for environmental monitoring; monitoring of the state of radiation pollution of the reserve territory; making management decisions, issuing data on hard media; design of tourist routes; designing possible consequences of catastrophes; providing geoinformation support during forest fire fighting; development of measures for the implementation of environmental, anti-erosion, landslide and fireworks, restoration of disturbed natural complexes; comprehensive assessment of the territory of the reserve, its economic use and reserves of natural resources, landscape diversity, historical and cultural sites, the state of engineering and transport infrastructure; conducting scientifically substantiated functional zoning of the reserve territory; development of proposals for the construction and reconstruction of facilities necessary to ensure the activities of the reserve. |
