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The increasing need for separation, detection, and determination of analytes in situ at a very low concentration and in a very small volume of samples has led to the development of miniaturized analytical systems such as lab-on-chip (LOC). This chapter will focus on LOC chromatography by describing the advances taken on the miniaturization of high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and ion chromatography. Furthermore, this chapter will discuss the incorporation and applicability in LOC chromatography of several nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, functionalized carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and metal nanoparticles, among others. Finally, this chapter will also discuss the combinations of miniaturized chromatography with nanomaterial-based sensor arrays in a single chip platform providing coupled separation and multiparametric detection, thus producing a disposable, easily manufacturable, and stand-alone analytical LOC for environmental remote field work and clinical diagnostics. |
