Exercise effects on perivascular adipose tissue: endocrine and paracrine determinants of vascular function
| Autor: | B C S Boa, Etto C. Eringa, John S Yudkin, Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh, Eliete Bouskela |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pharmacology medicine.medical_specialty FGF21 Skeletal muscle Adipokine Adipose tissue Inflammation 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology Biology Muscle hypertrophy 03 medical and health sciences Paracrine signalling 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology Internal medicine Myokine medicine medicine.symptom |
| Zdroj: | British Journal of Pharmacology. 174:3466-3481 |
| ISSN: | 0007-1188 |
| Popis: | Obesity is a global epidemic, accompanied by increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue hypertrophy is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, which alters secretion of adipose tissue-derived bioactive products, known as adipokines. Adipokines determine vessel wall properties such as smooth muscle tone and vessel wall inflammation. Exercise is a mainstay of prevention of chronic, non-communicable diseases, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in particular. Aside from reducing adipose tissue mass, exercise has been shown to reduce inflammatory activity in this tissue. Mechanistically, contracting muscles release bioactive molecules known as myokines, which have been shown to alter adipose tissue metabolic phenotype. In adipose tissue, myokines induce browning, enhance fatty acid oxidation and improve insulin sensitivity. In the past years, so-called perivascular adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature (PVAT) has been shown to control vascular tone and inflammation through local release of adipokines. In obesity, an increase in mass and inflammation of PVAT culminate in dysregulation of adipokine secretion, which contributes to vascular dysfunction. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which active muscles interact with adipose tissue and improve vascular function. Aside from the exercise-dependent regulation of canonical adipose tissue function, we will focus on interaction between skeletal muscle and PVAT and the role of novel myokines, such as interleukin-15, fibroblast growth factor 21 and irisin, in this cross talk. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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