| Autor: |
Jakob Munkholt Christensen, Lars Saaby Pedersen, Daniel Bo Larsen, Soheila Ghafarnejad Parto, Anker Degn Jensen, Emma Kathrine Jørgensen, Jens Ø. Duus |
| Rok vydání: |
2020 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Sustainable Energy & Fuels. 4:1844-1854 |
| ISSN: |
2398-4902 |
| DOI: |
10.1039/c9se00375d |
| Popis: |
Beech wood was directly converted into lignin derived monomers and dimers and holocellulose derived light hydrocarbons in the presence of a sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in ethanol medium at 200 to 300 °C. The reaction products were carefully analyzed with techniques such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-MS-FID), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), elemental analysis and heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR). The main identified monomers obtained at 300 °C were 4-propyl guaiacol (PG) and 4-propyl syringol (PS) with a total monomer yield of 18.1 wt% based on the Klason lignin content in beech wood. At a lower reaction temperature of 200 °C, the process targets only the lignin with a monomer yield of 12.1 wt% based on the Klason lignin content, while the holocellulose is conserved and can be used for a subsequent fermentation or hydrocracking process. The highest monomer yield of 20.0 wt% based on the Klason lignin content was obtained at 260 °C, indicating that the optimum temperature required for degradation of lignin fractions to monomers is within 200–260 °C. The direct conversion of biomass with high yield of lignin monomers showed promise compared to a two-step process involving initial isolation of lignin by the organosolv method and subsequent conversion of organosolv lignin. Here, a monomer yield of only 4.3 wt% was detected at 300 °C. Moreover, the oil from the direct biomass conversion possessed a lower molecular weight compared to the oil from the organosolv lignin conversion. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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