Commercial Hydrated Lime as a Cost-Effective Solid Base for the Transesterification of Wasted Soybean Oil with Methanol for Biodiesel Production
| Autor: | Israel Pala-Rosas, Alberto Apreza-Sies, Manuel Sánchez-Cantú, Lydia M. Pérez-Díaz, Rosalba Rosales, E. Ramírez, Efraín Rubio-Rosas, Jaime S. Valente, Manuel Aguilar-Franco |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Biodiesel
food.ingredient Calcium hydroxide Chemistry General Chemical Engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Transesterification engineering.material Soybean oil law.invention chemistry.chemical_compound Fuel Technology food law Biodiesel production engineering Organic chemistry Calcination Methanol Lime Nuclear chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Energy & Fuels. 25:3275-3282 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5029 0887-0624 |
| Popis: | The transesterification of used soybean oil with methanol was carried out over hydrated lime (HL), Ca(OH)2, and its decomposition products in the 200–500 °C range. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD powder patterns demonstrated that the pristine sample consisted of a mixture of calcium hydroxide and calcite. It was noticed that the coexistence of CaO, Ca(OH)2, and CaCO3 remained up to 400 °C. At 500 °C, Ca(OH)2 is transformed into CaO so that this and CaCO3 are the only remaining phases. In the transesterification reaction, the influence of calcination temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, methanol:oil ratio, and reaction temperature was studied. Full conversion of the raw materials into biodiesel (BD) was obtained with the fresh HL. In order to determine any change in the solid, it was recovered after 10, 30, and 60 min of reaction and analyzed by XRD analysis. Only Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and traces of ... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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