Effects of Soil Insecticides and Absorbents on Plant Sugars and Resulting Effect on Mite Nutrition1
| Autor: | Walter T. Smith, J. G. Rodriguez, Donald E. Maynard |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1960 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Ecology business.operation Phosphorus food and beverages chemistry.chemical_element Mallinckrodt General Medicine Pesticide Biology biology.organism_classification Reducing sugar Horticulture chemistry Agronomy Dry weight Insect Science visual_art visual_art.visual_art_medium Tetranychus Charcoal business Sugar |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Economic Entomology. 53:491-495 |
| ISSN: | 1938-291X 0022-0493 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jee/53.4.491 |
| Popis: | The effects of DDT and various absorbent materials as soil additives on the composition of Black Valentine beans and Clark soybeans and on the Tetranychus telarius (L.) populations developing thereon were investigated in the greenhouse. Treatments included DDT only at 800 or 1,600 pounds per acre and DDT at both levels in combination with six levels of the absorbent material as well as an untreated check. Mite development was measured by counting the progeny developing over a period of 8 days from five young adult female mites introduced to a detached leaf disk, each disk being one of four replicates. Dry weight of foliage was calculated and foliage was analyzed for total and reducing sugar, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Analyses for correlation coefficient ( r ) were made on populations with the results of the foliage analyses. In Black Valentine beans DDT added to the soil at both 800 and 1,600 pounds per acre increased total and reducing sugars, nitrogen and T. telarius populations over the untreated check, while decreasing phosphorus, potassium, and dry weight of foliage. Addition of Hydrodarco B, Aqua Nuchar A, and Nuchar C-115-A generally restored the chemical components of the beans and also the mite populations to the levels of the untreated check. Mite populations were thus correlated positively with reducing sugar and nitrogen, in some cases total sugar, and negatively with per cent phosphorus, potassium, and dry weight of foliage. Peat moss, calcium hydroxide, and Fisher activated charcoal pellets did not function effectively as absorbents; Norit-A and Mallinckrodt activated charcoal alleviated the phytotoxic effects of DDT but did not influence mite populations consistently. Clark soybeans were not as sensitive to DDT as Black Valentine beans. The percentages of reducing and total sugar were elevated much less and lower concentrations of absorbent were required to reduce these values to the original levels. Hydrodarco B was the only absorbent to affect the chemical composition and mite populations as consistently as in Black Valentine beans although similar trends were noted with Aqua Nuchar A and Nuchar C-115-A. These studies demonstrated that at least one organic constituent of the plant, reducing sugar, has been markedly influenced in the plant by the addition of high levels of DDT to the soil. Also it has been shown that these plant sugars can be related to the development of a plant feeding mite such as T. telarius . |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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