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Any biomedical device requiring power from a source other than the human body or gravity is considered an active device. Currently available active biomedical devices encompass an enormous variety of technologies, ranging from large imaging machines to miniature implantable stimulators. These devices are vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, especially for devices capable of communication with an internet network. An attack exploiting these vulnerabilities can cause a variety of consequences, including data theft, denial-of-service, and serious patient harm. The chapter provides a comprehensive review of cyberattacks on biomedical devices in a hierarchical layered framework (e.g., sensing, communication, and control) with three specific attacks as case studies: (1) MRI unit-based attack, (2) infusion pump-based attack, and (3) implantable medical device attack. |
