| Popis: |
The increasing consumption of pesticides caused lots of problems, such as resistance, food safety, and various environmental toxicity. Finding an alternative pesticide which is environmentally friendly is urgent and crucial. Fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline insecticide, has been proven to possess selective toxicity for insects versus mammals and have safety to mammals and nontarget organism, suggesting its potential in pest’s management. However, little information is available about its effect on the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), a worldwide invasive and polyphagous pest, often nest in neighborhood area.The toxicity results showed that the topical application and feeding application was all effective to S.invicta. Moreover, fluralaner can be transmitted among workers by contacting and feeding which lead to toxic reaction among nestmates. By exploring the biochemistry change, we found cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) may be involved in the detoxification of fluralaner but not carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Synergism assays gave a solid evidence in which piperonyl butoxide, an activity inhibitor of P450, increased the toxicity of fluralaner to S. invicta. Importantly, with the qRT-PCR analysis 12 P450 genes of S.invicta were significantly upregulated after fluralaner treatment. Our result indicated that fluralaner could be a potential alternative pesticide in S. invicta control. And the involvement of P450s on metabolism provides basic information for the sustainable use of fluralaner. |
