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To minimize the surging power consumption of microprocessors, adaptive computing environments (ACEs) where microarchitectural resources can be dynamically tuned to match a program's runtime requirement and characteristics are becoming increasingly common. Adaptive computing environments usually have multiple configurable hardware units, necessitating exploration of a large number of combinatorial configurations in order to identify the most energy-efficient configuration. In this paper, we propose a scheme for efficient management of multiple configurable units, utilizing the inherent capabilities of dynamic optimization systems. Most dynamic optimizers typically detect dominant code regions (hotspots). We develop an ACE management scheme where hotpot boundaries are used for phase detection and adaptation. Since hotspots are of variable sizes and are often nested, program phase behavior which is hierarchical in nature is automatically captured in this technique. To demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of our framework, we use the proposed framework to dynamically adapt the sizes of L1 data and L2 caches that have different reconfiguration latencies and overheads. Our technique reduces L1D and L2 cache energy consumption by 47% and 58%, while a popular previously proposed technique only achieves reduction of 32% and 52% respectively. |
