Thermal Chemistry of Nitrogen in Kerogen and Low-Rank Coal

Autor:	P. J. Kwiatek, Martin L. Gorbaty, Simon R. Kelemen, Howard Freund
Rok vydání:	1999
Předmět:	Chemistry business.industry General Chemical Engineering Inorganic chemistry Energy Engineering and Power Technology chemistry.chemical_element Tar Mineralogy Nitrogen chemistry.chemical_compound Fuel Technology Kerogen Coal Char business Carbon Oil shale Pyrolysis
Zdroj:	Energy & Fuels. 13:529-538
ISSN:	1520-5029 0887-0624
DOI:	10.1021/ef9802126
Popis:	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to identify the forms of nitrogen present in Green River Type I and Bakken Type II kerogen concentrate samples and to follow the changes in nitrogen forms in the tars and chars produced upon pyrolysis. Pyrrolic nitrogen is the most abundant form of nitrogen, followed by pyridinic, amino, and quaternary types. XPS results show that upon devolatilization at 510 °C, the resultant kerogen tar and char contain mostly pyrrolic and pyridinic forms while amino groups are preferentially released into the tar. A portion of the quaternary nitrogen initially present in the Bakken kerogen appears in the 510 °C char and tar. Similar transformations were found for low-rank coal. These transformations occur at lower temperatures at long pyrolysis times for both kerogen and low-rank coal. Severe pyrolysis of the devolatilized kerogen char (T = 630−810 °C) results in the appearance of an asymmetric carbon (1s) line shape indicative of very large polynuclear “graphitic-like” u...
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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