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Geographical Information System, also called Geobased Information System (GIS), is a relatively new technology. It is a very powerful tool for processing, analyzing and integrating spatial data sets (e.g. Star and Estes 1990; Lo and Yeung 2006; Chang 2008; Harvey 2008). A GIS deals with information on locational patterns of features and their attributes (characteristics). It can be considered as a higher-order computer-coded map which permits storage, selective dedicated manipulation, display and output of spatial information. GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display information about geographical locations. The key components of GIS software include: (a) a database management system (DBMS); (b) tools that create intelligent digital maps that one can analyze, query for more information, or print for presentation; and (c) an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI). |
