Macrophage polarization in the maculae of age-related macular degeneration: A pilot study
| Autor: | Jingsheng Tuo, T. Mark Johnson, Defen Shen, Chi-Chao Chan, Xiaoguang Cao, M. Patel, Timothy W. Olsen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Pathology
medicine.medical_specialty Retina genetic structures Macrophage polarization Retinal General Medicine Biology Macular degeneration medicine.disease eye diseases Pathology and Forensic Medicine chemistry.chemical_compound medicine.anatomical_structure Choroidal neovascularization chemistry medicine CXCL11 sense organs Choroid medicine.symptom CCL22 |
| Zdroj: | Pathology International. 61:528-535 |
| ISSN: | 1320-5463 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02695.x |
| Popis: | Macrophages can be polarized to exhibit either pro-inflammatory M1 or pro-angiogenic M2 phenotypes, but have high phenotypic plasticity. This pilot study investigated macrophage polarization in the macular retina and choroid of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and non-AMD subjects, as well as in AMD choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM). All specimens were evaluated for routine histopathology. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for representative M1 (CXCL11) and M2 (CCL22) transcripts were performed on macular choroidal trephines (MCT) of 19 AMD and nine non-AMD eye bank eyes, on the microdissected macular retinal cells from the archived slides of five geographic atrophic AMD, five exudative/neovascular AMD, and eight normal autopsied eyes, and on microdissected inflammatory cells from two surgically removed CNVM that did not respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. High M2-chemokine transcript and a low ratio of M1 to M2 chemokine transcript were found in aging non-AMD MCT. Advanced AMD maculae had a higher M1 to M2 chemokine transcript ratio compared to normal autopsied eyes. Macrophages in the two CNVM of patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy were polarized toward either M1 or M2 phenotypes. The number of M2 macrophages was increased compared to M1 macrophages in normal aging eyes. A pathological shift of macrophage polarization may play a potential role in AMD pathogenesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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