Gender Differences in Children's Throwing Performance: Biology and Environment
| Autor: | Penny C. Abraham, Karyn R. Nelson, Jack K. Nelson, Jerry R. Thomas |
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| Rok vydání: | 1986 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 57:280-287 |
| ISSN: | 2168-3824 0270-1367 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/02701367.1986.10608088 |
| Popis: | This study evaluated the influence of biological and environmental variables on the differences between the throwing performance of 5-year-old girls and boys. A total of 100 children (48 girls, 52 boys) were tested on throwing for distance and rated on two components of throwing form—trunk rotation, and foot action. Children were evaluated on eight biological characteristics—height, weight, body mass index, ponderal index, sum of four skinfolds, body diameters, arm and leg girths, and somatotypes—and four environmental characteristics—older brother, older sister, presence of adult male, and playing with older children. Results indicated that boys threw farther than girls and exhibited more mature form. Boys had greater joint diameters than girls, a smaller sum of four skinfolds, and more estimated arm muscle. Boys were more likely to play regularly with older children. Girls' throwing performance was only 57% that of boys, but when throwing was adjusted for a linear composite of biological variab... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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