Signalling Satiety and Starvation to β-Cell Insulin Secretion
| Autor: | Mark J. Holness, Mary C. Sugden, Sharif Hegazy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
geography medicine.medical_specialty geography.geographical_feature_category Glycogen Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Leptin media_common.quotation_subject Insulin medicine.medical_treatment digestive oral and skin physiology Appetite Biology Islet Glucagon-like peptide-1 chemistry.chemical_compound Endocrinology chemistry Internal medicine Adipocyte medicine Ghrelin hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists media_common |
| Zdroj: | Current Diabetes Reviews. 7:336-345 |
| ISSN: | 1573-3998 |
| DOI: | 10.2174/157339911797415602 |
| Popis: | The impact of bariatric surgery on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance has refocused interest in the role of gut-derived factors in the regulation of insulin secretion and action. The incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are released from endocrine cells in the small intestinal mucosa primarily in response to oral nutrient ingestion. They have various effects, including augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), actions that promote the cellular assimilation and storage of dietary glucose and lipid as liver and skeletal muscle glycogen and adipocyte triacylglycerol (TAG) respectively. Similarly, increased delivery of fatty acids (FA) acutely augments GSIS, and the resultant enhancement of GSIS facilitates FA storage as adipocyte TAG. Leptin secretion from white adipocytes curbs appetite to limit dietary nutrient intake and adipocyte TAG storage and, potentially, GSIS, thereby curtailing insulin-dependent TAG storage. On fasting, GSIS is curbed, an effect the mechanism of which is even now incompletely understood, but which may reflect augmented β-cell FA oxidation. The orexigen ghrelin, systemic concentrations of which increase with fasting, exerts enigmatic effects on GSIS, in that acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin exert opposing effects on GSIS, whereas acylated ghrelin and unacylated ghrelin share protective effects on islet survival. This review will build on these emerging studies to evaluate the roles of the incretins, leptin, lipids and acylated and unacylated ghrelin in modulating islet function and survival during feasting and fasting. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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