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Rotavirus (RV) is the causative agent of infectious diarrhea, severe in children in the world. It is a double-stranded ribonucleic acid virus belonging to the family Reoviridae (RV). Almost all the children in the world are infected by the RV at least once by the age of 5 years. This virus has a short incubation period of not exceeding 3 days. It is known by its transmission from person to person by the fecal–oral route. In developing countries the RV can also be transmitted by water contaminated by fecal materials. It is also suspected that the RV can spread from one child to another via the contamination by the infected surfaces. The genus Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae. It is composed of seven serogroups, RV A–G, including RV A–C, that infect humans, mainly the Group A. To date, 15 G (glycoprotein) and 27 P (protease sensible) genotypes have been described. Studies of RV strains have demonstrated that the genes G1–G4 are the most common circulating G types. In the 1900s a new genotype, G9, appeared in 1983 and is now quite known worldwide. Several researchers have found a novel G12 RV. This gene presents a high prevalence due to its association with multiple VP4 genotypes. In addition, several other RV strains have demonstrated regional predominance. G5 RVs, previously found only in pigs and horses, were detected in Brazilian children in 1983 and have since been regularly reported from Brazil at a high incidence. Similarly, G8 RVs have been detected all over the African continent, especially in Malawi. |
