Preparation of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material from used zinc-carbon and lithium-ion batteries
| Autor: | M. Adeli, Alireza Zakeri, Hadi Sharifidarabad |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
Battery (electricity)
Materials science Process Chemistry and Technology Spinel Oxalic acid chemistry.chemical_element Manganese engineering.material Oxalate Surfaces Coatings and Films Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials law.invention chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Chemical engineering law Materials Chemistry Ceramics and Composites engineering Lithium Calcination Selective leaching |
| Zdroj: | Ceramics International. 48:6663-6671 |
| ISSN: | 0272-8842 |
| Popis: | Due to the progressive shortage of primary resources and growing environmental concerns over industrial and household residues, proper management of electronic wastes is of great importance in addressing sustainability issues. Spent batteries are considered as important secondary sources of their constituting components. In this study, the co-recycling of used zinc-carbon and lithium-ion batteries was performed aiming at the recovery of their manganese and lithium contents as compounds which can be used as precursors for the synthesis of spinel LiMn2O4. Manganese was recovered in the form of amorphous, submicron, spherical nodules of MnO2 after acid leaching of zinc-carbon battery pastes. Lithium was obtained from nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) batteries as its monohydrate oxalate (C2HLiO4.H2O) through selective leaching in oxalic acid followed by crystallization. Lithium carbonate was also prepared by subsequent calcination of the oxalate. The synthesis of LiMn2O4 spinel cathode was carried out using the recycled Li- and Mn-containing compounds via solid-state synthesis method. The effect of such parameters as type of reactants (C2HLiO4.H2O, Li2CO3, Mn2O3, and MnO2), temperature (750, 800, and 850 °C), and time (8 and 10 h) on the synthesis of LiMn2O4 was investigated. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The crystallographic parameters used to predict the electrochemical behavior of synthesized cathode materials were derived from XRD patterns. Based on these, the spinel powder synthesized at 850 °C for 10 h was determined as the sample with the best potential electrochemical properties among the synthesized samples. The galvanostatic charge/discharge characterization within the voltage range of 2.5–4.3 V showed the specific capacity of the 850°C-10 h sample to be 127.87 mAhg−1. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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