Application of Sparse Sampling Approaches in Rodent Toxicokinetics: A Prospective View
| Autor: | Jean-Louis Steimer, Joost van Bree, Jerry Nedelman, Werner Niederberger, William T. Robinson, Francis L. S. Tse |
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| Rok vydání: | 1994 |
| Předmět: |
Computer science
Combined use Pharmacology (nursing) Machine learning computer.software_genre 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy 01 natural sciences 010104 statistics & probability 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Drug Guides Econometrics Quantitative assessment Toxicokinetics Pharmacology (medical) 0101 mathematics General linear model business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Sampling (statistics) Workload NONMEM Pharmacodynamics Artificial intelligence business computer |
| Zdroj: | Drug Information Journal. 28:263-279 |
| ISSN: | 0092-8615 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/009286159402800134 |
| Popis: | In toxicology experiments in rodents, separate animals in satellite groups are routinely incorporated to assess the pharmacokinetic (toxicokinetic) characteristics of the drug. This approach has two major drawbacks: 1. limited or no individual exposure estimates are obtained for the animals used in the toxicological evaluation, preventing a quantitative assessment of the concentration/(tox)effect relationship, and 2. the use of satellite animals increases the number of animals and workload involved in a toxicological study. The combined use of sparse sampling and mixed-effects modeling is proposed to overcome these disadvantages. Depending on the specific objectives of the study, a pharmacokinetic-model-independent or a pharmacokinetic-model-dependent approach can be used. The former is based on appropriate transformation of the concentration data. A general linear model type of methodology, relating the main study variables such as dose level, time, and gender directly to the transformed concentrations, ... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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