Improved biodiesel production from sludge palm oil catalyzed by a low-cost liquid lipase under low-input process conditions
Autor: | Amelia, Eng Seng Chan, Cher Pin Song, Jun Mann Loh, Chien Lye Chew, Wail Gourich |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Biodiesel
060102 archaeology biology Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 020209 energy food and beverages 06 humanities and the arts 02 engineering and technology Raw material Pulp and paper industry complex mixtures Catalysis Rendering (animal products) chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Biodiesel production 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Glycerol biology.protein 0601 history and archaeology Lipase Fatty acid methyl ester |
Zdroj: | Renewable Energy. 177:348-358 |
ISSN: | 0960-1481 |
Popis: | Sludge palm oil is a by-product produced as a result of oil loss into waste streams during the palm oil milling process. It is non-edible, inexpensive and abundantly available, thus making it an attractive feedstock for biodiesel production. However, it contains high contents of water and free fatty acids, rendering the conventional alkali-catalyzed process unsuitable. Therefore, this research aimed to improve the production of biodiesel from sludge palm oil using a low-cost liquid lipase (Eversa® Transform 2.0) produced from a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae. The activity of the liquid lipase was determined to be 9600 IU mL−1. We performed the reaction using low-input process conditions with only 0.2 wt% enzyme concentration and 5:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio at a low operating temperature of 45 °C. Under an optimum stirring speed of 750 rpm, a crude biodiesel with a high ester content of approximately 94 wt% could be produced. Additionally, the crude glycerol produced has a higher purity compared to that produced via a chemical-catalyzed process. Overall, an economical and sustainable enzymatic process for the conversion of sludge palm oil into high quality biodiesel and glycerol has been demonstrated in this study. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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