| Autor: |
Zhishuai Zhang, Yunhui Tan, Kelly Hughes, Zijun Fang, Shugang Wang, Peggy Rijken, Ivan Lim Chen Ning |
| Rok vydání: |
2020 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Day 3 Wed, October 28, 2020. |
| Popis: |
Recently new Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data have been collected during hydraulic fracturing in shale. Low frequency DAS signals show patterns that are intuitively consistent with the understanding of the strain field around hydraulic fractures. This study utilizes a fracture simulator combined with a finite element solver to further understand the various patterns of the strain field caused by hydraulic fracturing. The results can serve as a "type-curve" template for the further interpretation of cross well strain field plots. Incorporating detailed pump schedule and frac fluid/proppant properties, we use a hydraulic fracture simulator to generate fracture geometries, which are then passed to a finite element (FE) solver as boundary conditions for elastic-static calculation of the strain field. Since the FE calculated strain is a tensor, it needs to be projected along the monitoring well trajectory to be comparable with the fiber strain, which is uniaxial. Moreover, the calculated strain field is transformed into time domain using constant fracture propagation velocity. Strain rate is further derived from the simulated strain field using differentiation along fracture length. Scenarios including a single planar hydraulic fracture, a single fracture with a discrete fracture network (DFN), and multiple planar hydraulic fractures, in both vertical and horizontal directions were studied. The scenarios can be differentiated in the strain patterns based on the finite element simulation results. In general, there is a tensile heart shaped zone in front of the propagating fracture tip. On the sides there are compressional zones parallel to the fracture. Multiple planar fracture show polarity reversals in horizontal fiber due to interactions between fractures. Strain field/strain rate show consistent patterns with what is observed from field cross well strain data. The application of the study is to provide a template to better interpret hydraulic fracture characteristics using low frequency fiber strain monitoring. To the author's understanding, there are no comprehensive templates for engineers to understand the strain signals from cross well fiber monitoring. The results of this study will guide engineers toward better optimization of well spacing and frac design to minimize well interference and improve efficiency. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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