| Popis: |
Menees et al of Grand Rapids, Mich, pioneered the technique of amniography. Radiologists Menees (18901937) and Holly (1896-1973), with obstetrician-gynecologist (and later general surgeon) Miller (1899-1989) injected strontium iodide into the amniotic cavity of 21 patients. They noted that the ‘‘.puncture needle is passed into the amniotic cavity, usually below the umbilicus and near the midline. The puncture is made on the side with the fetal small parts.’’ After injection, to assist mixing of the radiopaque substance with amniotic fluid, they waited for a half hour and had the patient change position frequently. These workers observed further that, ‘‘The placenta appeared as a filling defect or a flattened area, best seen when caught in profile.’’ Unfortunately, 1 patient with placenta previa expelled a 6-month-old fetus shortly after the amniography. Undoubtedly, this was an important factor contributing to the growing fears of the dangers of amniocentesis, and failure of the technique to gain widespread clinical use. Not until the late 1950s and early 1960s, when amniography was used in association with intrauterine transfusion, was the safety of amniocentesis established. Nonetheless, the work of Menees and his coworkers was an important step in the development of both placentography and amniocentesis. |
Full Text from ScienceDirect