Dispersant use for Tropical Nearshore Waters: Jamaica
| Autor: | Beverly Miller, Valerie Gordon, Marcel Anderson, Wendy Walker, George Sidrak, Howard J. Teas, Anitra Thorhaug, Karl A. Aiken, Barbara Carby, Richard Reese, Mike Rodriquez, John McFarlane, Franklin McDonald |
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| Rok vydání: | 1991 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings. 1991:415-418 |
| ISSN: | 2169-3358 2169-3366 |
| Popis: | Jamaica's shoreline is at the intersection of five major petroleum tanker shipping routes, and is a cargo transshipment point for the Caribbean. The natural coastline resources are valuable economically, with two-thirds of exchange dollars coming through tourism associated with beaches, clear waters, coral reefs, and nearshore fishing. The most thorough examination of the feasibility of using dispersants ever carried out in a developing nation has been undertaken. Dispersant toxicity of various species of critical matrix organisms has been carried out with an array of 12 dispersants. Corals, fish, seagrasses, and mangroves were tested. Toxic dispersants and three very low toxicity compounds were identified at concentrations ten times those likely to occur and ten times longer exposures. Thus, a safety factor was built in. A sensitivity map of the coastline was constructed. Simulations of “near-miss” tanker accidents were done manually with disperse and nondisperse options. A policy study of European and North American dispersant use was undertaken by the Office of Disaster Preparedness, the Coast Guard and the Oil Spill Committee. A draft policy was prepared for nontoxic dispersant use. The recommendations for use of nontoxic dispersants—with primarily coral reef and fish sensitivity as paramount concerns—are Cold Clean, Corexit 9550 and Finasol OSR7. Several European nations also have approved lists with Corexit 9550 (or allied products) and Finasol OSR-7. A computer simulation of all potential occurrences is the future goal. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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